Logical Analysis Report

Key Focus

• See "Adjuvant therapy for resected colon cancer in older adult patients", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based regimens'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based therapy'.)
  The optimal duration of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy is evolving
• See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer".)
  Most treatments involve a combination of several chemotherapy drugs, which are given intravenously in a specific order on specific days
• See "Cutaneous side effects of conventional chemotherapy agents", section on 'Hand-foot syndrome (acral erythema)'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oral fluoropyrimidines'.)
  .In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2 percent) [18]

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Knowledge Graph(Read more)

Complex Event Analysis(Read more)

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High Level Topics

COLON

CHEMOTHERAPY

COLORECTAL

RESECTION

ADJUVANT

RESECTED

CANCERS

RISK

High Level Abstractions

COLON(46, 1th Order)

( COLON )(46, 1th Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY )(20, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED )(7, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, ADJUVANT )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, III )(3, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISKS )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISK )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR-RELATED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TREATMENT-RELATED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, STRATIFICATION )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, PERINEURAL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT )(8, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, III )(3, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISK )(3, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISKS )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, VOLUME )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III )(7, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RISK )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, OXALIPLATIN-CONTAINING )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, OXALIPLATIN )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, NEUTROPENIA )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, INTRAVENOUSLY )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, INFUSIONAL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, FLUOROURACIL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, FLUOROPYRIMIDINES )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, POSTOPERATIVE )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, UNRESECTABLE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, TREATMENT-RELATED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION )(16, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL )(5, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, LONG-TERM )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, VISUALIZED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, TOMOGRAPHY )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PELVIC )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PALLIATION )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, NONTHERAPEUTIC )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, NATIONAL_COMPREHENSIVE_CANCER_NETWORK )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, MEDICAL_ONCOLOGY )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, RISK )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, POSTOPERATIVE )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, METASTASES )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, COLECTOMY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, CANDIDATES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, UNRESECTABLE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTION, TUMOR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL )(15, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, MISMATCH )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, CANCERS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, RECTAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, METASTATIC )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, MARKERS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, MANIFESTATIONS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, COLORECTAL, LONG-TERM )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED )(11, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT )(6, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RISKS )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RISK )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RECTAL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, III )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TUMOR-RELATED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TRANSMURAL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, PERINEURAL )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III )(6, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, BOLUS )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, DIARRHEA )(3, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, NEUTROPENIA )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, INFUSIONAL )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, ARM )(2, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, VOMITING )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, III, VENOUS )(1, 4rd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, BOLUS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, RISK )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, NEUTROPENIA )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, GERIATRIC )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, DIARRHEA )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, RISKS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RESECTED, RECTAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III )(10, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, III, BOLUS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, ADJUVANT )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, DIARRHEA )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, TUMOR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, POSTTREATMENT )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, NEUTROPENIA )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, INFUSIONAL )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, III, FLUOROURACIL )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT )(10, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, RISK )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, RISKS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, RECTAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, ADJUVANT, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR )(8, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, METASTASES )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, COLORECTAL )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, RISK )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, POSTTREATMENT )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, NODES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, MISMATCH )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, METASTASIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, MARKERS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, TUMOR, GROUPINGS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK )(5, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, HISTOLOGY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, POLYP )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, III )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RISK, SUBMUCOSAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS )(7, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, CHEMOTHERAPY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, RESECTION )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, POLYP )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, COLECTOMY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, RESECTED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, NONOBSTRUCTED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, III )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, CANCERS, HISTOLOGY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, PREOPERATIVE )(4, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES )(6, 2st Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, POLYP )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, MARKERS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, LESIONS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, HISTOLOGY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, METASTASES, VISUALIZED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLON, RECTAL )(2, 2st Order)  top

CHEMOTHERAPY(32, 1th Order)

( CHEMOTHERAPY )(32, 1th Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT )(12, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, III )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISK )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RESECTION )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PROGNOSTIC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISKS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RESECTED )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED )(8, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, III )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISKS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISK )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR-RELATED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TREATMENT-RELATED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, STRATIFICATION )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, PERINEURAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION )(8, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, TUMOR )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PATHOLOGIC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, METASTASES )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, CURATIVE )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, COLORECTAL )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, RESECTABLE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, POSTOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III )(9, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TUMOR )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TUMORS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TOMOGRAPHY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RISK )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RESECTION )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, PROGRESSION-FREE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, PROGNOSTICATION )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, POSTTREATMENT )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR )(7, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PATHOLOGIC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, MISMATCH )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, RISK )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, METASTASES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK )(6, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, TOXICITIES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, NEUTROPENIA )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, MUCOSITIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, LOSS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, HAND-FOOT )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, FEBRILE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, EMESIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL )(5, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, TUMOR )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, COLON )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, WEB-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, SINGLE-AGENT )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, RESECTABLE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, REGISTRIES )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, RAS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES )(5, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, COLON )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, SINGLE-AGENT )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, RESECTABLE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, REGISTRIES )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, RAS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )(4, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, TREATMENT-RELATED )(4, 2st Order)  top

( CHEMOTHERAPY, PROGNOSTIC )(1, 2st Order)  top

COLORECTAL(27, 1th Order)

( COLORECTAL )(27, 1th Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION )(9, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, METASTASES )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, RESECTABLE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PALLIATION )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, NATIONAL_COMPREHENSIVE_CANCER_NETWORK )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, LONG-TERM )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, COLONOSCOPICALLY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, CANDIDATES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES )(8, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, RESECTABLE )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, TUMOR )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, CANDIDATES )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, ADJUVANT )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, VISUALIZED )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS )(6, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, MSI )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, MMR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, NONPOLYPOSIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, IHC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, SPORADIC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, PREDISPOSITION )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, PMS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, LOSS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, INDIVIDUALS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, EXTRACOLONIC )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, MSI )(1, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS )(5, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, MANIFESTATIONS )(4, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, POLYPOSIS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, SYNDROMES )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, SUBTOTAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, STRATEGIES )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, RISK )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, RESECTION )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, OF_LOCALIZED_DISEASE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, INDIVIDUALS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, MANIFESTATIONS )(4, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, MMR )(1, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, RESECTABLE )(3, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, LOSS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( COLORECTAL, TUMOR )(3, 2st Order)  top

RESECTION(24, 1th Order)

( RESECTION )(24, 1th Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES )(6, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, METASTATIC )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, HISTOLOGY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, PULMONARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, POLYP )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, LESIONS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, METASTASES, CURATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTION, ADJUVANT )(3, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, TUMOR )(4, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )(3, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, PATHOLOGIC )(3, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )(4, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, RISK )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, RESECTABLE )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTION, POLYP )(2, 2st Order)  top

ADJUVANT(17, 1th Order)

( ADJUVANT )(17, 1th Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III )(5, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, RESECTION )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, DISEASE-FREE )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, TUMORS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, TUMOR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, RISK )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, POSTOPERATIVE )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, OXALIPLATIN )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, NEUROPATHY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, III, MULTIDISCIPLINARY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, TUMOR )(4, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, NEUROPATHY )(3, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )(3, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, RISK )(3, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, RESECTED )(3, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, PROGNOSTIC )(1, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(1, 2st Order)  top

( ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 2st Order)  top

RESECTED(13, 1th Order)

( RESECTED )(13, 1th Order)  top

( RESECTED, III )(6, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, BOLUS )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, DIARRHEA )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, NEUTROPENIA )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, INFUSIONAL )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, ARM )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, ADJUVANT )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, VOMITING )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, III, VENOUS )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( RESECTED, RISK )(4, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, OXALIPLATIN )(3, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, NEUTROPENIA )(3, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, DIARRHEA )(4, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, BOLUS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, GERIATRIC )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, RISKS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RESECTED, RECTAL )(1, 2st Order)  top

CANCERS(14, 1th Order)

( CANCERS )(14, 1th Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION )(5, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, POLYP )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, COLECTOMY )(2, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, CARCINOMA )(3, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, HISTOLOGY )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBTOTAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBMUCOSAL )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBMUCOSA )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, STALK )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, RESECTION, SITU )(1, 3nd Order)  top

( CANCERS, MSI )(1, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, CHEMOTHERAPY )(1, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, POLYP )(3, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, MMR )(1, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, RISK )(3, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, CARCINOMA )(3, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )(1, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, NONPOLYPOSIS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( CANCERS, LOSS )(2, 2st Order)  top

RISK(12, 1th Order)

( RISK )(12, 1th Order)  top

( RISK, POLYP )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, COLORECTAL )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, TUMOR )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, NONPOLYPOSIS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, MANIFESTATIONS )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, LYMPHOVASCULAR )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, HISTOLOGY )(2, 2st Order)  top

( RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )(3, 2st Order)  top

References

• ( COLON )  top
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY )  top
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED )  top
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, ADJUVANT )  top
• (Read more)   topExpert guidelines suggest that the risks and estimated benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy be discussed with patients who have resected node-negative colon cancer. Among the issues that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of recurrence and estimated benefit...
• (Read more)   top However, use of this program is not a substitute for clinical judgment and careful consideration of all relevant patient- and tumor-related factors that may impact the decision to pursue adjuvant therapy. (See "Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II colon cancer", section on 'Web-based tools'.)
  In general, older adult patients gain as much benefit from adjuvant FU-based...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, III )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer".)
  Most treatments involve a combination of several chemotherapy drugs, which are given intravenously in a specific order on specific days
• (Read more)   top (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected colon cancer in older adult patients", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based regimens'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based therapy'.)
  The optimal duration of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy is evolving
• (Read more)   top(See "Cutaneous side effects of conventional chemotherapy agents", section on 'Hand-foot syndrome (acral erythema)'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oral fluoropyrimidines'.)
  .In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease,...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topExpert guidelines suggest that the risks and estimated benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy be discussed with patients who have resected node-negative colon cancer
• (Read more)   top... lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis of stage II disease, the potential risks associated with treatment.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topAmong the issues that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of recurrence and estimated benefit from specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed...
• (Read more)   top
  Web-based tools are available that can aid the clinician in estimating the risk of recurrence and death based on clinicopathologic features, comorbidity, and the relative benefits of specific chemotherapy regimens
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topAmong the issues that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of recurrence and estimated benefit from specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme...
• (Read more)   top
  Web-based tools are available that can aid the clinician in estimating the risk of recurrence and death based on clinicopathologic features, comorbidity, and the relative benefits of specific chemotherapy regimens
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   top However, use of this program is not a substitute for clinical judgment and careful consideration of all relevant patient- and tumor-related factors that may impact the decision to pursue adjuvant therapy. (See "Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II colon cancer", section on 'Web-based tools'.)
  In general, older...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   top... estimated benefit from specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   top
  In general, older adult patients gain as much benefit from adjuvant FU-based chemotherapy as do younger individuals, although it is used less often in older adults, and rates of treatment-related toxicity may be higher.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, STRATIFICATION )  top
• (Read more)   top ... therapy regimen (ie, a fluoropyrimidine alone), six months of adjuvant therapy remains the standard approach. (See "Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II colon cancer", section on 'Risk stratification'and "Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II colon cancer", section on 'Choice of regimen'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected colon cancer in older adult patients", section on...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, PERINEURAL )  top
• (Read more)   top... the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis of stage II disease, the potential risks associated with...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT )  top
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, III )  top
• (Read more)   top The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy have been most clearly demonstrated in patients with stage III (node-positive) disease, who have an approximately 30 percent reduction in the risk of disease recurrence and a 22 to 32 percent reduction in mortality with modern chemotherapy
• (Read more)   topIn data derived from the 20,800-patient ACCENT database of patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer, recurrence rates after five years never exceeded 1.5 percent annually, and after eight years, they were 0.5 percent per year [29].
  As a result, conditional survival (eg,...
• (Read more)   top Prognostic factors for outcome in patients with recurrent colon cancer were addressed in a large database series of 17,381 patients who were enrolled in 18 randomized phase III trials testing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer conducted mainly before 2000 in the era when treatment was mainly limited to fluorouracil (FU) [35]
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   top Five-year survival rates according to tumor stage at diagnosis for patients with colon cancer, derived from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and stratified according to the current 2010 American Joint Committee...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   top The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy have been most clearly demonstrated in patients with stage III (node-positive) disease, who have an approximately 30 percent reduction in the risk of disease recurrence and a 22 to 32 percent reduction in mortality with modern chemotherapy.
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• (Read more)   top
  For individual patients, a postoperative nomogram has been developed that permits prediction of the risk of a colon cancer recurrence based upon clinicopathologic factors and whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered or not [27]
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topWhile concurrently administered chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (RT) provides synergistic antitumor activity, it also increases treatment-related toxicity, which may be prohibitive if the radiation treatment volume includes a substantial amount of bowel.
  The utility of preoperative chemotherapy for patients with primary colon cancers was...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top
  The utility of preoperative chemotherapy for patients with primary colon cancers was directly addressed in the phase III FOxTROT trial, in which 1052 patients with a computed tomography (CT) scan-predicted, T3-4N0-2, nonobstructed...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   top... scan-predicted, T3-4N0-2, nonobstructed primary colon cancer who had no metastatic disease and who were fit for chemotherapy were randomly assigned to surgery upfront followed by six months of adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy or to six weeks of preoperative oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy followed by surgery and then 18 additional weeks of chemotherapy [15]
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   top
  For individual patients, a postoperative nomogram has been developed that permits prediction of the risk of a colon cancer recurrence based upon clinicopathologic factors and whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered or not [27].
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, VOLUME )  top
• (Read more)   top... concurrently administered chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (RT) provides synergistic antitumor activity, it also increases treatment-related toxicity, which may be prohibitive if the radiation treatment volume includes a substantial amount of bowel.
  The utility of preoperative chemotherapy for patients with primary colon cancers was directly addressed in the phase III FOxTROT trial, in which 1052 patients...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III )  top
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, OXALIPLATIN-CONTAINING )  top
• (Read more)   top
  The optimal duration of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy is evolving.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   top.In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   top... the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2 percent) [18].
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, INTRAVENOUSLY )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Most treatments involve a combination of several chemotherapy drugs, which are given intravenously in a specific order on specific days.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, INFUSIONAL )  top
• (Read more)   top.In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2 percent) [18]
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, FLUOROURACIL )  top
• (Read more)   top ... patients who were enrolled in 18 randomized phase III trials testing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer conducted mainly before 2000 in the era when treatment was mainly limited to fluorouracil (FU) [35].
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, III, FLUOROPYRIMIDINES )  top
• (Read more)   top... conventional chemotherapy agents", section on 'Hand-foot syndrome (acral erythema)'and "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oral fluoropyrimidines'.)
  .In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of...
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   topPatients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those whose margins of resection are judged to be potentially compromised, or those who are medically inoperable.
• (Read more)   topFor patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, the goal of postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy is to eradicate micrometastases, thereby reducing the likelihood of disease recurrence and increasing the cure rate
• (Read more)   topIn our view, patients with potentially resectable disease with negative margins should undergo resection, rather than upfront chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, if they are surgical candidates. Patients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those...
• (Read more)   top.For patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy eradicates micrometastases, reduces the likelihood of disease recurrence, and increases cure rates
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   top ... site and number of metastases, molecular factors such as RAS or BRAF mutations and deficient DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MSI), eligibility for surgery or additional chemotherapy, and tumor location.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, POSTOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topFor patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, the goal of postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy is to eradicate micrometastases, thereby reducing the likelihood of disease recurrence and increasing the cure rate
• (Read more)   top
  For individual patients, a postoperative nomogram has been developed that permits prediction of the risk of a colon cancer recurrence based upon clinicopathologic factors and whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered or not [27]
• (Read more)   top.For patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy eradicates micrometastases, reduces the likelihood of disease recurrence, and increases cure rates
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• (Read more)   top
  Among patients with resected node-negative (stage II) disease, the benefits of chemotherapy are controversial, as is the relative benefit of an oxaliplatin-based as compared with a non-oxaliplatin-based regimen.
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, UNRESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topPatients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those whose margins of resection are judged to be potentially compromised, or those who are medically inoperable
• (Read more)   top... margins should undergo resection, rather than upfront chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, if they are surgical candidates. Patients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those whose margins of resection are judged to be potentially compromised, or those who are medically inoperable
• ( COLON, CHEMOTHERAPY, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( COLON, RESECTION )  top
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL )  top
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top
  The necessity of preoperative abdominal/pelvic CT for all patients with colon cancer is controversial, as is the clinical benefit of a staging chest CT. Nevertheless, the standard practice at most institutions is that all patients...
• (Read more)   top
  Positron emission tomography (PET) scans do not appear to add significant information to CT scans for routine preoperative staging of colon cancer.
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   top ... magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver might identify more hepatic lesions than are visualized by CT and may be indicated to further define the extent of disease in patients who have suspected liver metastases on CT. (See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of colorectal cancer", section on 'Liver magnetic resonance imaging'.)
  Positron emission tomography (PET) scans do...
• (Read more)   topPET scan may be helpful for patients who are thought to be candidates for resection of isolated colorectal cancer liver and lung metastases, in whom the routine use of PET reduces the number of nontherapeutic laparotomies.
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, LONG-TERM )  top
• (Read more)   topThe rationale for and evidence supporting these guidelines are discussed elsewhere, as are issues that arise in long-term survivors of colon cancer. (See "Surveillance after colorectal cancer resection" and "Approach to the long-term survivor of colorectal cancer".)
  GENETIC ISSUES
  Although most...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, VISUALIZED )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver might identify more hepatic lesions than are visualized by CT and may be indicated to further define the extent of disease in patients who have suspected liver metastases on CT. (See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of colorectal cancer",...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, TOMOGRAPHY )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Positron emission tomography (PET) scans do not appear to add significant information to CT scans for routine preoperative staging of colon cancer
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PELVIC )  top
• (Read more)   top ... controversial, as is the clinical benefit of a staging chest CT. Nevertheless, the standard practice at most institutions is that all patients with stage II, III, or IV colon cancer undergo chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT either prior to or following resection, an approach that is endorsed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3], the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the European Society...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, PALLIATION )  top
• (Read more)   top (See 'Metastatic disease'below and "Locoregional methods for management and palliation in patients who present with stage IV colorectal cancer", section on 'Management of the primary cancer'and "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Preoperative...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, NONTHERAPEUTIC )  top
• (Read more)   topPET scan may be helpful for patients who are thought to be candidates for resection of isolated colorectal cancer liver and lung metastases, in whom the routine use of PET reduces the number of nontherapeutic laparotomies.
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, NATIONAL_COMPREHENSIVE_CANCER_NETWORK )  top
• (Read more)   top ... practice at most institutions is that all patients with stage II, III, or IV colon cancer undergo chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT either prior to or following resection, an approach that is endorsed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3], the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLORECTAL, MEDICAL_ONCOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   top ... either prior to or following resection, an approach that is endorsed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3], the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO).
• ( COLON, RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   topIn our view, patients with potentially resectable disease with negative margins should undergo resection, rather than upfront chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, if they are surgical candidates. Patients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those whose margins of resection are judged to be potentially...
• (Read more)   top(See 'Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy'above.)
  .For patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy eradicates micrometastases, reduces the likelihood...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topThe presence of any of the following factors should prompt consideration of radical surgery, as they indicate a higher risk of residual cancer and/or nodal metastases (see "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Carcinoma in a polyp'):
  .Poorly differentiated histology
  .Lymphovascular...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( COLON, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   top
  Positron emission tomography (PET) scans do not appear to add significant information to CT scans for routine preoperative staging of colon cancer. PET scan may be helpful for patients who are thought to be candidates for resection of isolated colorectal cancer liver and lung metastases, in whom the routine use of PET reduces...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, POSTOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top. For patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, the goal of postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy is to eradicate micrometastases, thereby reducing the likelihood of disease recurrence and increasing the cure rate
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , POSTOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, RESECTION, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• (Read more)   topThe presence of any of the following factors should prompt consideration of radical surgery, as they indicate a higher risk of residual cancer and/or nodal metastases (see "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Carcinoma in a polyp'):
  .Poorly differentiated histology
  .Lymphovascular invasion
  .Cancer at the resection...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, COLECTOMY )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Restoration of bowel continuity using a primary anastomosis can be accomplished in most patients undergoing an uncomplicated colectomy.
• (Read more)   top
  Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy, rather than open colectomy, is favored for patients with nonobstructed, nonperforated, non-locally advanced colon cancers who have not had prior extensive abdominal surgery
• ( COLON, RESECTION, CANDIDATES )  top
• (Read more)   top. PET scan may be helpful for patients who are thought to be candidates for resection of isolated colorectal cancer liver and lung metastases, in whom the routine use of PET reduces the number of nontherapeutic laparotomies
• (Read more)   topIn our view, patients with potentially resectable disease with negative margins should undergo resection, rather than upfront chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, if they are surgical candidates. Patients who are appropriate for initial chemotherapy include those with locally unresectable colon cancer, those whose margins of resection are judged to be potentially compromised, or those who are...
• ( COLON, RESECTION, UNRESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , UNRESECTABLE )
• ( COLON, RESECTION, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   top. Five-year survival rates according to tumor stage at diagnosis for patients with colon cancer, derived from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and stratified according to the current 2010 American Joint Committee...
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL )  top
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• (Read more)   top(See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Utility of PET scans'.)
  Tumor markers.
• (Read more)   top
  Prognosis for patients with advanced (metastatic) colorectal cancer is highly variable and dependent on many factors, including age and performance status, site and number of metastases, molecular factors such as RAS or BRAF mutations and deficient DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MSI), eligibility for surgery or additional chemotherapy, and tumor location
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, MISMATCH )  top
• (Read more)   top Clinical practice guidelines from ASCO and others recommend testing of all colorectal cancer for loss of mismatch repair protein expression (the underlying defect in Lynch syndrome) or microsatellite instability, the biologic footprint of mismatch repair protein deficiency [4-6]
• (Read more)   top ... colorectal cancer is highly variable and dependent on many factors, including age and performance status, site and number of metastases, molecular factors such as RAS or BRAF mutations and deficient DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MSI), eligibility for surgery or additional chemotherapy, and tumor location
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, CANCERS )  top
• (Read more)   top
  The development of one or more of these cancers in a family member of a colon cancer survivor may prompt consideration for genetic testing.
• (Read more)   top.A family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   top.Basics topics (see "Patient education: Colon and rectal cancer (The Basics)" and "Patient education: Colectomy (The Basics)")
  .Beyond the Basics topics (see "Patient education: Colon and rectal cancer (Beyond the Basics)" and "Patient...
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS )  top
• (Read more)   top(See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "MUTYH-associated polyposis", section on 'Colonic manifestations'.)
  However, use of family history alone is not...
• (Read more)   top (See "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management", section on 'General measures'.)
  The development of one or more of these cancers in a family member of a colon cancer survivor...
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, METASTATIC )  top
• (Read more)   top(See "Systemic chemotherapy for nonoperable metastatic colorectal cancer: Treatment recommendations".)
  Until more recently, most of the data addressing the benefit of neoadjuvant therapies in patients with colon primaries have been limited to...
• (Read more)   top.Beyond the Basics topics (see "Patient education: Colon and rectal cancer (Beyond the Basics)" and "Patient education: Colorectal cancer treatment; metastatic cancer (Beyond the diagnosis of colon cancer is usually made by colonoscopy.
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, MARKERS )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Tumor markers.
• (Read more)   top(See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of colorectal cancer", section on 'Tumor markers'.)
  Colonoscopy.
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, MANIFESTATIONS )  top
• (Read more)   top(See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "MUTYH-associated polyposis", section on 'Colonic manifestations'.)
  However, use of family history alone is not sufficient to identify most patients with...
• ( COLON, COLORECTAL, LONG-TERM )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , LONG-TERM )
• ( COLON, RESECTED )  top
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT )  top
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topPostoperative RT is not usually considered a routine component of care for completely resected colon cancer. This is in contrast to patients with rectal cancer, in whom effective adjuvant therapy for both transmural and node-positive disease includes RT. Local recurrence is more frequent with rectal cancer due to the local anatomy and the difficulty...
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, III )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , III )
• (Read more)   top... oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited to three months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III colon cancers.
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TUMOR-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR-RELATED )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, TRANSMURAL )  top
• (Read more)   topPostoperative RT is not usually considered a routine component of care for completely resected colon cancer. This is in contrast to patients with rectal cancer, in whom effective adjuvant therapy for both transmural and node-positive disease includes RT. Local recurrence is more frequent with rectal cancer due to the local anatomy and the difficulty in obtaining adequate resection margins
• ( COLON, RESECTED, ADJUVANT, PERINEURAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , PERINEURAL )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III )  top
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, BOLUS )  top
• (Read more)   top.In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2 percent) [18]
• (Read more)   top Higher rates of diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and myelosuppression are usually seen with bolus FU/LV regimens that do not require central venous access or an ambulatory infusion pump. (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Infusional...
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topOn the other hand, given the small predicted loss of absolute disease-free survival benefit (absolute difference 0.9 percent at three years) and the significantly lower rates of oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited to three months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   top
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6 percent), and stomatitis (3 percent) [18]
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, DIARRHEA )  top
• (Read more)   top.In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent), neutropenia (5 percent), nausea (2 percent), and stomatitis (2 percent) [18].
• (Read more)   topHigher rates of diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and myelosuppression are usually seen with bolus FU/LV regimens that do not require central venous access or an ambulatory infusion pump
• (Read more)   top
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6 percent), and stomatitis (3 percent) [18].
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   top
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6 percent), and stomatitis (3 percent) [18]
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, INFUSIONAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , INFUSIONAL )
• (Read more)   top
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6 percent), and stomatitis (3 percent) [18]
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, ARM )  top
• (Read more)   top.In the control arm of the MOSAIC trial, which demonstrated the benefit of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in stage III disease, severe (grade 3 or worse) toxicity with infusional and bolus FU plus LV consisted of diarrhea (7 percent),...
• (Read more)   top
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6...
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, VOMITING )  top
• (Read more)   top ... experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11 percent), vomiting (6 percent), and stomatitis (3 percent) [18].
• ( COLON, RESECTED, III, VENOUS )  top
• (Read more)   top Higher rates of diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and myelosuppression are usually seen with bolus FU/LV regimens that do not require central venous access or an ambulatory infusion pump. (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Infusional versus bolus fluorouracil'.)
  In the experimental...
• ( COLON, RESECTED, BOLUS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , BOLUS )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topThe benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy have been most clearly demonstrated in patients with stage III (node-positive) disease, who have an approximately 30 percent reduction in the risk of disease recurrence and a 22 to 32 percent reduction in mortality with modern chemotherapy. (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer".)
  Most treatments...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, GERIATRIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSpecific issues surrounding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in older adult patients and the utility of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in formulating an appropriate, individualized treatment plan for the older adult patient are discussed elsewhere
• (Read more)   top(See "Adjuvant therapy for resected colon cancer in older adult patients" and "Comprehensive geriatric assessment".)
  Side effects.
• ( COLON, RESECTED, DIARRHEA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , DIARRHEA )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( COLON, RESECTED, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , ADJUVANT , RECTAL )
• ( COLON, III )  top
• ( COLON, III, BOLUS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , BOLUS )
• ( COLON, III, ADJUVANT )  top
• (Read more)   top The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy have been most clearly demonstrated in patients with stage III (node-positive) disease, who have an approximately 30 percent reduction in the risk of disease recurrence and a 22 to 32 percent...
• (Read more)   top... loss of absolute disease-free survival benefit (absolute difference 0.9 percent at three years) and the significantly lower rates of oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited to three months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III colon cancers
• (Read more)   topIn data derived from the 20,800-patient ACCENT database of patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer, recurrence rates after five years never exceeded 1.5 percent annually, and after eight years, they were 0.5 percent per year [29].
  As a result,...
• (Read more)   top Prognostic factors for outcome in patients with recurrent colon cancer were addressed in a large database series of 17,381 patients who were enrolled in 18 randomized phase III trials testing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II or III colon cancer conducted mainly before 2000 in the era when treatment was mainly limited to fluorouracil (FU) [35]
• ( COLON, III, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• ( COLON, III, DIARRHEA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , DIARRHEA )
• ( COLON, III, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   top... progression-free survival based on several of these clinicopathologic factors have been developed that can assist in aiding prognostication and patient-physician communication; however, they do not include tumor location or MSI status and only apply to patients who are not candidates for or do not undergo metastasectomy [32].
  POSTTREATMENT SURVEILLANCE
  Following treatment for a stage II or III colon...
• ( COLON, III, POSTTREATMENT )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Following treatment for a stage II or III colon cancer, posttreatment surveillance usually consists of periodic history and physical examination, with serial assay of the serum concentrations of the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), annual surveillance computed...
• (Read more)   top. Following treatment for a stage II or III colon cancer, posttreatment surveillance usually consists of periodic history and physical examination and assay of the serum CEA, annual surveillance CT scans, and periodic colonoscopy
• ( COLON, III, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• ( COLON, III, INFUSIONAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , INFUSIONAL )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , INFUSIONAL )
• ( COLON, III, FLUOROURACIL )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Infusional versus bolus fluorouracil'.)
  In the experimental arm of this MOSAIC trial, the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional plus bolus FU/LV (the FOLFOX regimen) resulted in severe (grade 3 or worse) neutropenia (43 percent), diarrhea (11...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , FLUOROURACIL )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT )  top
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , ADJUVANT , RECTAL )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• ( COLON, ADJUVANT, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• ( COLON, TUMOR )  top
• ( COLON, TUMOR, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   top In patients with newly diagnosed invasive colon cancer, preoperative chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scans can demonstrate regional tumor extension, regional lymphatic and distant metastases, and tumor-related complications (eg, obstruction, perforation, fistula formation), findings that may assist in selecting the therapeutic approach
• (Read more)   top(See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Utility of PET scans'.)
  Tumor markers. A variety of tumor markers have been associated with colon cancer, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• ( COLON, TUMOR, COLORECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   top(See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Utility of PET scans'.)
  Tumor markers
• (Read more)   top
  Prognosis for patients with advanced (metastatic) colorectal cancer is highly variable and dependent on many factors, including age and performance status, site and number of metastases, molecular factors such as RAS or BRAF mutations and deficient DNA mismatch...
• ( COLON, TUMOR, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topNomograms for overall and progression-free survival based on several of these clinicopathologic factors have been developed that can assist in aiding prognostication and patient-physician communication; however, they do not include tumor location or MSI status and only apply to patients who are...
• ( COLON, TUMOR, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( COLON, TUMOR, POSTTREATMENT )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , III , POSTTREATMENT )
• ( COLON, TUMOR, NODES )  top
• (Read more)   topThe stage of a colon cancer has three components, primary tumor (T), status of the regional nodes (N), and distant metastasis (M), which together are combined to form stage groupings from I to IV. Stage groupings permit the stratification of prognosis, which is useful for the selection of treatment
• (Read more)   top... need to be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of recurrence and estimated benefit from specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities...
• ( COLON, TUMOR, MISMATCH )  top
• (Read more)   top... high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis of stage II disease, the potential risks associated with treatment
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , MISMATCH )
• ( COLON, TUMOR, METASTASIS )  top
• (Read more)   topThe stage of a colon cancer has three components, primary tumor (T), status of the regional nodes (N), and distant metastasis (M), which together are combined to form stage groupings from I to IV. Stage groupings permit the stratification of prognosis, which is useful for the selection of treatment
• (Read more)   top ... Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and stratified according to the current 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging classification, are illustrated in the figure (figure 2) [25].
  For individual patients, a postoperative nomogram has been developed that permits prediction of the risk of a colon...
• ( COLON, TUMOR, MARKERS )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Tumor markers. A variety of tumor markers have been associated with colon cancer, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
• ( COLON, TUMOR, GROUPINGS )  top
• (Read more)   topThe stage of a colon cancer has three components, primary tumor (T), status of the regional nodes (N), and distant metastasis (M), which together are combined to form stage groupings from I to IV. Stage groupings permit the stratification of prognosis, which is useful for the selection of treatment
• ( COLON, RISK )  top
• ( COLON, RISK, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   top.Invasive carcinoma arising in a sessile (flat) polyp with unfavorable features (eg, lower third submucosal penetration, lymphovascular invasion, poorly differentiated histology)
  Locally advanced primary lesions.
• (Read more)   top... chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis of stage II disease, the potential risks associated...
• ( COLON, RISK, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   top.Poorly differentiated histology
  .Lymphovascular invasion
  .Cancer at the resection or stalk margin
  .Invasion into the muscularis propria of the bowel wall (T2 lesion)
  .Invasive carcinoma arising in a sessile (flat) polyp with unfavorable...
• (Read more)   top... specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence of high-risk clinicopathologic features (fewer than 12 nodes in the surgical specimen, T4 stage (table 1), perforated/obstructed tumor, poorly differentiated histology, lymphovascular or perineural invasion), mismatch repair enzyme status, assessment of comorbidities and anticipated life expectancy, and given the relatively good prognosis of stage II disease, the potential...
• ( COLON, RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• ( COLON, RISK, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   top... prompt consideration of radical surgery, as they indicate a higher risk of residual cancer and/or nodal metastases (see "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Carcinoma in a polyp'):
  .Poorly differentiated histology
  .Lymphovascular invasion
  .Cancer at the resection or stalk margin
  .Invasion into the muscularis propria of the bowel wall (T2 lesion)
  .Invasive carcinoma...
• ( COLON, RISK, III )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , III )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , III )
• ( COLON, RISK, SUBMUCOSAL )  top
• (Read more)   top.Invasive carcinoma arising in a sessile (flat) polyp with unfavorable features (eg, lower third submucosal penetration, lymphovascular invasion, poorly differentiated histology)
  Locally advanced primary lesions
• ( COLON, CANCERS )  top
• ( COLON, CANCERS, CHEMOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   topWhile concurrently administered chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (RT) provides synergistic antitumor activity, it also increases treatment-related toxicity, which may be prohibitive if the radiation treatment volume includes a substantial amount...
• (Read more)   top
  Among patients with resected node-negative (stage II) disease, the benefits of chemotherapy are controversial, as is the relative benefit of an oxaliplatin-based as compared with a non-oxaliplatin-based regimen
• ( COLON, CANCERS, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Colonic obstruction'.)
  Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy, rather than open colectomy, is favored for patients with nonobstructed, nonperforated,...
• (Read more)   topThe presence of any of the following factors should prompt consideration of radical surgery, as they indicate a higher risk of residual cancer and/or nodal metastases (see "Surgical resection of primary colon cancer", section on 'Carcinoma in a polyp'):
  .Poorly differentiated histology
  .Lymphovascular invasion
  .Cancer at the resection or stalk margin
  .Invasion...
• ( COLON, CANCERS, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   top Endoscopic resection is also a reasonable alternative to radical surgery for selected favorable-risk early stage colon cancers arising in a polyp. The presence of any of the following factors should prompt consideration of radical surgery, as they indicate a higher risk of residual cancer and/or nodal metastases (see "Surgical resection of...
• ( COLON, CANCERS, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• ( COLON, CANCERS, COLECTOMY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLECTOMY )
• (Read more)   top... colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals.
• ( COLON, CANCERS, RESECTED )  top
• (Read more)   top ... months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III colon cancers. These data are discussed in more detail separately. (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based therapy'.)
  Among patients with resected node-negative (stage II) disease, the benefits of chemotherapy are controversial,...
• ( COLON, CANCERS, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, CANCERS, NONOBSTRUCTED )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy, rather than open colectomy, is favored for patients with nonobstructed, nonperforated, non-locally advanced colon cancers who have not had prior extensive abdominal surgery
• (Read more)   top... preoperative chemotherapy for patients with primary colon cancers was directly addressed in the phase III FOxTROT trial, in which 1052 patients with a computed tomography (CT) scan-predicted, T3-4N0-2, nonobstructed primary colon cancer who had no metastatic disease and who were fit for chemotherapy were randomly assigned to surgery upfront followed by six months of adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy or to...
• ( COLON, CANCERS, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , LYMPHOVASCULAR )
• ( COLON, CANCERS, III )  top
• (Read more)   top ... oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited to three months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III colon cancers. These data are discussed in more detail separately. (See "Adjuvant therapy for resected stage III (node-positive) colon cancer", section on 'Oxaliplatin-based therapy'.)
  Among...
• ( COLON, CANCERS, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , HISTOLOGY )
• ( COLON, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top. In patients with newly diagnosed invasive colon cancer, preoperative chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scans can demonstrate regional tumor extension, regional lymphatic and distant metastases, and tumor-related complications (eg, obstruction, perforation, fistula formation),...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, METASTASES )  top
• ( COLON, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top In patients with newly diagnosed invasive colon cancer, preoperative chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT scans can demonstrate regional tumor extension, regional lymphatic and distant metastases, and tumor-related complications (eg, obstruction, perforation, fistula formation),...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLON, METASTASES, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , POLYP )
• ( COLON, METASTASES, MARKERS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , TUMOR , MARKERS )
• ( COLON, METASTASES, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , LYMPHOVASCULAR )
• ( COLON, METASTASES, LESIONS )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver might identify more hepatic lesions than are visualized by CT and may be indicated to further define the extent of disease in patients who have suspected liver metastases on CT. (See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging...
• (Read more)   top
  Locally advanced primary lesions.
• ( COLON, METASTASES, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , HISTOLOGY )
• ( COLON, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   top
  A web-based tool is available to determine conditional survival expectancy based upon initial stage at diagnosis, ethnicity, age, gender, and histologic grade.
  Prognosis for patients with advanced (metastatic)...
• ( COLON, METASTASES, VISUALIZED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , VISUALIZED )
• ( COLON, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , ADJUVANT , RECTAL )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , RECTAL )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   top If adjuvant chemotherapy is chosen, most patients receive a fluoropyrimidine alone, unless they have a tumor with deficient mismatch repair status, in which case adjuvant fluoropyrimidines alone are ineffective
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   top... rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of these patients is typically multidisciplinary and may include chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or intraoperative radiation therapy...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, III )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , III )
• (Read more)   topSurvival was significantly better in patients with initial stage II rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   top The range of treatment-related toxicity can be illustrated by the following clinical trial data:
  .In the X-ACT study, severe toxicities associated with six months of adjuvant treatment with oral capecitabine alone included...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   top... with initial stage II rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of these patients is typically multidisciplinary and may include chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy,...
• (Read more)   top While guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3] recommend six months of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, they do not address the utility of chemotherapy after resection of a local recurrence
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PROGNOSTIC )  top
• (Read more)   topIt is one of two prognostic tools approved for use in patients with colon cancer by the AJCC, meeting all quality criteria [28].
  Most of the available prognostic estimates use five-year survival as the endpoint given that...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   top Treatment decisions must be individualized. Expert guidelines suggest that the risks and estimated benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy be discussed with patients who have resected node-negative colon cancer
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, RESECTED )  top
• (Read more)   topExpert guidelines suggest that the risks and estimated benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy be discussed with patients who have resected node-negative colon cancer. Among the issues that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of recurrence and estimated benefit from specific chemotherapy regimens are the presence...
• (Read more)   top ... substitute for clinical judgment and careful consideration of all relevant patient- and tumor-related factors that may impact the decision to pursue adjuvant therapy. (See "Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II colon cancer", section on 'Web-based tools'.)
  In general, older adult patients gain as much benefit from adjuvant FU-based chemotherapy as do younger individuals, although...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, III )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , III )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR-RELATED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, STRATIFICATION )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , STRATIFICATION )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTED, PERINEURAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , PERINEURAL )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   top ... higher rates of perioperative complications, including anastomotic leak, but it was associated with lower rates of incomplete resection (5 versus 10 percent), and histologic downstaging of both pathologic tumor and nodal stage (including a 4 percent pathologic complete response rate [pathologic T0]).
• (Read more)   top
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit from surgical palliation for symptoms of obstruction and bleeding from the primary tumor, although the overwhelming majority of patients without symptoms who initiate chemotherapy never require palliative surgery [24]
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   top ... associated with higher rates of perioperative complications, including anastomotic leak, but it was associated with lower rates of incomplete resection (5 versus 10 percent), and histologic downstaging of both pathologic tumor and nodal stage (including a 4 percent pathologic complete response rate [pathologic T0])
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   top... fluoropyrimidine era to more than 30 months, fewer than 20 percent [23] of those treated with chemotherapy alone are still alive at five years, and only a few are free of disease, unless resection or ablation of metastases has been performed.
• (Read more)   top (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative evaluation, and techniques".)
  Even...
• (Read more)   top While guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3] recommend six months of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, they do not address the utility of chemotherapy after resection of a local recurrence.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, CURATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topFor patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, the goal of postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy is to eradicate micrometastases, thereby reducing the likelihood of disease recurrence and increasing the cure rate
• (Read more)   top
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit from surgical palliation for symptoms of obstruction and bleeding from the primary tumor, although the overwhelming majority of patients without symptoms who initiate chemotherapy...
• (Read more)   top.For patients who have undergone potentially curative resection of a colon cancer, postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy eradicates micrometastases, reduces the likelihood of disease recurrence, and increases cure rates
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, COLORECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   top(See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of colorectal cancer", section on 'Metastatic disease'.)
  Although major advances in systemic chemotherapy have expanded the therapeutic options for these patients and improved median survival from...
• (Read more)   top (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative evaluation,...
• (Read more)   top While guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3] recommend six months of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, they do not address the utility of chemotherapy after resection of a local recurrence
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )
• (Read more)   top
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of these patients is typically multidisciplinary and may include chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or intraoperative radiation therapy in addition to surgery.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative evaluation, and techniques".)
  Even patients who are not candidates...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   top ... resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative evaluation, and techniques".)
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit from surgical palliation for symptoms of obstruction and bleeding from the primary tumor,...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RESECTION, POSTOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , POSTOPERATIVE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , III , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TUMORS )  top
• (Read more)   topSurvival was significantly better in patients with initial stage II rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although there...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, TOMOGRAPHY )  top
• (Read more)   top... surveillance usually consists of periodic history and physical examination, with serial assay of the serum concentrations of the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), annual surveillance computed tomography (CT) scans, and colonoscopy to detect metachronous primaries.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RESECTION )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, PROGRESSION-FREE )  top
• (Read more)   topNomograms for overall and progression-free survival based on several of these clinicopathologic factors have been developed that can assist in aiding prognostication and patient-physician communication; however, they do not include tumor location...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, PROGNOSTICATION )  top
• (Read more)   topNomograms for overall and progression-free survival based on several of these clinicopathologic factors have been developed that can assist in aiding prognostication and patient-physician communication; however, they do not include tumor location or MSI status and only apply to patients who are not candidates for or do not undergo metastasectomy [32].
  POSTTREATMENT...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, III, POSTTREATMENT )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , III , POSTTREATMENT )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PATHOLOGIC )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, MISMATCH )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , TUMOR , MISMATCH )
• (Read more)   top If adjuvant chemotherapy is chosen, most patients receive a fluoropyrimidine alone, unless they have a tumor with deficient mismatch repair status, in which case adjuvant fluoropyrimidines alone are ineffective.
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , MISMATCH )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   top ... mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MSI), eligibility for surgery or additional chemotherapy, and tumor location. Nomograms for overall and progression-free survival based on several of these clinicopathologic factors have been developed that can assist in aiding prognostication and patient-physician communication; however, they do not include tumor location or MSI status and only apply to patients who are...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PULMONARY )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TUMOR, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , METASTASES )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, TOXICITIES )  top
• (Read more)   top. Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of...
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topChemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, MUCOSITIS )  top
• (Read more)   top. Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, LOSS )  top
• (Read more)   topChemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, HAND-FOOT )  top
• (Read more)   topChemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, FEBRILE )  top
• (Read more)   top. Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, RISK, EMESIS )  top
• (Read more)   top. Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome (a condition in which there is soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet), and cardiotoxicity
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , METASTASES )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , TUMOR )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PULMONARY )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, COLON )  top
• (Read more)   top In an analysis of 3622 patients with colon cancer derived from two French digestive cancer registries, among men with no recurrence five years after the diagnosis of colon cancer, 1 in 12 (8.3 percent) developed a subsequent recurrence between...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, WEB-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , METASTASES , WEB-BASED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, SINGLE-AGENT )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Although major advances in systemic chemotherapy have expanded the therapeutic options for these patients and improved median survival from less than one year in the single-agent fluoropyrimidine era to more than 30 months, fewer than 20 percent [23] of those treated with chemotherapy alone are still alive at five years, and only a few are free of disease, unless resection or...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, REGISTRIES )  top
• (Read more)   top In an analysis of 3622 patients with colon cancer derived from two French digestive cancer registries, among men with no recurrence five years after the diagnosis of colon cancer, 1 in 12 (8.3 percent) developed a subsequent recurrence between years 5 and 10; the corresponding rate for women was 1...
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, RAS )  top
• (Read more)   top ... for patients with advanced (metastatic) colorectal cancer is highly variable and dependent on many factors, including age and performance status, site and number of metastases, molecular factors such as RAS or BRAF mutations and deficient DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MSI), eligibility for surgery or additional chemotherapy, and tumor location
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, COLORECTAL, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES )  top
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PULMONARY )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, COLON )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , COLORECTAL , COLON )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , METASTASES , WEB-BASED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, SINGLE-AGENT )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , COLORECTAL , SINGLE-AGENT )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, REGISTRIES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , COLORECTAL , REGISTRIES )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, RAS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , COLORECTAL , RAS )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, rather than initial surgery, is a common approach for locally advanced rectal cancer that is supported by data...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topIn most modern trials, rates of treatment-related death range from 0.5 to 1 percent. (See "Cutaneous side effects of conventional chemotherapy agents", section on 'Hand-foot syndrome (acral erythema)'and "Overview of neurologic...
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( CHEMOTHERAPY, PROGNOSTIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PROGNOSTIC )
• ( COLORECTAL )  top
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION )  top
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, METASTASES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , METASTASES )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , METASTASES )
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   top Management of potentially resectable hepatic metastases (including a discussion as to integration of systemic chemotherapy into the surgical paradigm) and resection of pulmonary metastases are discussed in detail separately. (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by...
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, PALLIATION )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PALLIATION )
• (Read more)   top
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit from surgical palliation for symptoms of obstruction and bleeding from the primary tumor, although the overwhelming majority of patients without symptoms who initiate chemotherapy never require palliative surgery [24]
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, NATIONAL_COMPREHENSIVE_CANCER_NETWORK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , NATIONAL_COMPREHENSIVE_CANCER_NETWORK )
• (Read more)   top While guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3] recommend six months of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, they do not address the utility of chemotherapy after resection of a local recurrence
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, LONG-TERM )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , LONG-TERM )
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, COLONOSCOPICALLY )  top
• (Read more)   topAlternatively, the entire residual colon can be examined colonoscopically after resection. (See "Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging of colorectal cancer", section on 'Colonoscopy'.)
  Family history
• (Read more)   top If full colonoscopy cannot be performed because of obstruction or poor preparation, CT or magnetic resonance colonography can be done, or alternatively, the entire residual colon should be examined colonoscopically soon after resection. (See 'Colonoscopy'above.)
  .A family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon...
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTION, CANDIDATES )  top
• (Read more)   topPET scan may be helpful for patients who are thought to be candidates for resection of isolated colorectal cancer liver and lung metastases, in whom the routine use of PET reduces the number of nontherapeutic laparotomies
• (Read more)   top
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit from surgical palliation for symptoms of obstruction and bleeding from the primary tumor, although the overwhelming majority of patients without symptoms who initiate...
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES )  top
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   top(See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Utility of PET scans'.)
  Tumor markers
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• (Read more)   top The decision must be individualized and is based in part on whether adjuvant therapy (particularly an oxaliplatin-containing regimen) was administered previously. (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Systemic chemotherapy'.)
  SOCIETY GUIDELINE LINKS
  Links to society and government-sponsored guidelines from selected countries and...
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , TUMOR )
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PULMONARY )
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, CANDIDATES )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , RESECTION , CANDIDATES )
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, ADJUVANT )  top
• (Read more)   top While guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [3] recommend six months of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases, they do not address the utility of chemotherapy after resection of a local recurrence
• (Read more)   top The decision must be individualized and is based in part on whether adjuvant therapy (particularly an oxaliplatin-containing regimen) was administered previously. (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases", section on 'Systemic...
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, WEB-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , METASTASES , WEB-BASED )
• ( COLORECTAL, METASTASES, VISUALIZED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , VISUALIZED )
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS )  top
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, MSI )  top
• (Read more)   top However, increasingly, universal testing of all colorectal cancers for MSI or loss of MMR proteins by IHC is performed, a practice that is supported by guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the...
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, MMR )  top
• (Read more)   top However, increasingly, universal testing of all colorectal cancers for MSI or loss of MMR proteins by IHC is performed, a practice that is supported by guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the United States Multi-Society Task Force...
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, NONPOLYPOSIS )  top
• (Read more)   top(See "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management".)
  Extracolonic cancers...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , NONPOLYPOSIS )
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, IHC )  top
• (Read more)   top However, increasingly, universal testing of all colorectal cancers for MSI or loss of MMR proteins by IHC is performed, a practice that is supported by guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the United States Multi-Society Task Force...
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, SPORADIC )  top
• (Read more)   top.Although over 90 percent of Lynch syndrome-related colorectal cancers will demonstrate MSI, 15 percent of sporadic colorectal cancers also have MSI. Thus, the finding of MSI in a colorectal cancer does not indicate Lynch syndrome but, instead, identifies those patients who should be referred for additional testing...
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, PREDISPOSITION )  top
• (Read more)   top... and other extracolonic cancers (going back three generations if possible, but at least first- and second-degree relatives) should be sought, as the patient may be a member of a kindred with a hereditary predisposition.
• (Read more)   top.A family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, PMS )  top
• (Read more)   top.Absence of protein expression of MLH1 and PMS2, MLH1 alone, or PMS2 alone (which is rare) may be associated with either sporadic or inherited disease
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, LOSS )  top
• (Read more)   top However, increasingly, universal testing of all colorectal cancers for MSI or loss of MMR proteins by IHC is performed, a practice that is supported by guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the United States Multi-Society Task Force...
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, INDIVIDUALS )  top
• (Read more)   top.For individuals with evidence of high MSI (MSI-H) or loss of expression of an MMR protein by IHC, further evaluation is based on the MSI/IHC results and is outlined in the suggested algorithm (algorithm 1):
  .Absence...
• (Read more)   top... extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals.
• ( COLORECTAL, CANCERS, EXTRACOLONIC )  top
• (Read more)   top. A family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers (going back three generations if possible, but at least first- and second-degree relatives) should be sought, as the patient may be a member of a kindred with a hereditary predisposition
• (Read more)   top.A family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals
• ( COLORECTAL, MSI )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , MSI )
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS )  top
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, MANIFESTATIONS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , MANIFESTATIONS )
• (Read more)   top (See "Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis".)
  Lynch syndrome is more common...
• (Read more)   top ... disease-causing germline defect, and referral for genetic testing (for the genes corresponding to the absent proteins) is appropriate. (See "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management".)
  Extracolonic cancers are very common in Lynch syndrome, particularly...
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, POLYPOSIS )  top
• (Read more)   top(See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "MUTYH-associated polyposis", section on 'Colonic manifestations'.)
  However, use of family history alone is not sufficient to identify most patients with a hereditary colon cancer syndrome, particularly Lynch syndrome
• (Read more)   top (See "Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis".)
  Lynch syndrome is more common than FAP and accounts for approximately 2 to 3 percent...
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, SYNDROMES )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis".)
  Lynch...
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, SUBTOTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topThis finding could alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals. (See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "MUTYH-associated...
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, STRATEGIES )  top
• (Read more)   top(See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis", section on 'Tumor-based strategies'.)
  MANAGEMENT OF LOCALIZED DISEASE
  Surgical resection.
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   top (See "Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors, and protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary...
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Surgical resection.
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, OF_LOCALIZED_DISEASE )  top
• (Read more)   top
  MANAGEMENT OF LOCALIZED DISEASE
  Surgical resection.
• ( COLORECTAL, NONPOLYPOSIS, INDIVIDUALS )  top
• (Read more)   topThis finding could alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals. (See 'Genetic issues'below and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "MUTYH-associated polyposis", section on...
• ( COLORECTAL, MANIFESTATIONS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , MANIFESTATIONS )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , NONPOLYPOSIS , MANIFESTATIONS )
• ( COLORECTAL, MMR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , MMR )
• ( COLORECTAL, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , METASTASES , RESECTABLE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• ( COLORECTAL, LOSS )  top
• (Read more)   top Clinical practice guidelines from ASCO and others recommend testing of all colorectal cancer for loss of mismatch repair protein expression (the underlying defect in Lynch syndrome) or microsatellite instability, the biologic footprint of mismatch repair protein deficiency [4-6]
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , LOSS )
• ( COLORECTAL, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   top.The combined American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) eighth edition tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging for colorectal cancer is illustrated in the table (table 1). (See 'Staging'above.)
  .Pretreatment clinical staging is best accomplished by physical examination...
• ( RESECTION )  top
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES )  top
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, METASTATIC )  top
• (Read more)   top... those treated with chemotherapy alone are still alive at five years, and only a few are free of disease, unless resection or ablation of metastases has been performed. (See "Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: General principles", section on 'Chemotherapy versus supportive care'and "Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: General principles".)
  On...
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , HISTOLOGY )
• (Read more)   top (See "Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Outcomes by histology" and "Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases: Benefits, indications, preoperative evaluation, and techniques".)
  Even patients who are not candidates for a curative resection can benefit...
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, PULMONARY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PULMONARY )
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , POLYP )
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , LYMPHOVASCULAR )
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, LESIONS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , METASTASES , LESIONS )
• ( RESECTION, METASTASES, CURATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , CURATIVE )
• ( RESECTION, ADJUVANT )  top
• (Read more)   top
  For individual patients, a postoperative nomogram has been developed that permits prediction of the risk of a colon cancer recurrence based upon clinicopathologic factors and whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered or not [27].
• (Read more)   top... significantly better in patients with initial stage II rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of these patients is typically multidisciplinary and may include...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , METASTASES , ADJUVANT )
• ( RESECTION, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( RESECTION, PREOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLORECTAL , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PREOPERATIVE )
• ( RESECTION, PATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , PATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   top
  The most important indicator of outcome following resection of colon cancer is the pathologic stage at presentation [25,26]. Five-year survival rates according to tumor stage at diagnosis for patients with colon cancer, derived from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results...
• (Read more)   top.The most important indicator of outcome following resection of colon cancer is pathologic stage (figure 2) (see 'Prognosis'above). Following treatment for a stage II or III colon cancer, posttreatment surveillance usually consists of periodic history and physical examination and assay...
• ( RESECTION, CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , CHEMORADIOTHERAPY )
• ( RESECTION, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( RESECTION, RESECTABLE )  top
• (Read more)   top. In our view, patients with potentially resectable disease with negative margins should undergo resection, rather than upfront chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, if they are surgical candidates
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION , RESECTABLE )
• ( RESECTION, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , POLYP )
• (Read more)   top(See 'Surgical resection'above and 'Management of carcinoma in a polyp'above.)
  There is no consensus as to which patients, if any, are suitable for neoadjuvant approaches rather than upfront surgery
• ( ADJUVANT )  top
• ( ADJUVANT, III )  top
• ( ADJUVANT, III, RESECTION )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTION )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RESECTION )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, DISEASE-FREE )  top
• (Read more)   topOn the other hand, given the small predicted loss of absolute disease-free survival benefit (absolute difference 0.9 percent at three years) and the significantly lower rates of oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited...
• (Read more)   topSurvival was significantly better in patients with initial stage II rather than stage III tumors (median 18 versus 13 months), in those with a longer disease-free interval, and in those who did not receive FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor.
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of...
• ( ADJUVANT, III, TUMORS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , III , TUMORS )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, POSTOPERATIVE )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , POSTOPERATIVE )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• ( ADJUVANT, III, NEUROPATHY )  top
• (Read more)   topOn the other hand, given the small predicted loss of absolute disease-free survival benefit (absolute difference 0.9 percent at three years) and the significantly lower rates of oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant therapy can be limited to three months in patients with low-risk disease (T1-3N1), which makes up approximately 60 percent of all stage III colon cancers
• ( ADJUVANT, III, MULTIDISCIPLINARY )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Although there are no prospective trials to guide therapy, the management of these patients is typically multidisciplinary and may include chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or intraoperative radiation therapy in addition to surgery
• ( ADJUVANT, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( ADJUVANT, NEUROPATHY )  top
• (Read more)   topSix months of therapy has been the standard approach, but the cumulative and dose-limiting neuropathy associated with oxaliplatin has prompted interest in a shorter duration of therapy. Results from the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy (IDEA) collaboration (six randomized trials...
• (Read more)   topSee ( ADJUVANT , III , NEUROPATHY )
• (Read more)   topIn addition, grade 3 sensory neuropathy developed in 13 percent during therapy but was still present at 48 months in fewer than 1 percent [19].
  .The substitution of capecitabine for infusional FU/LV in combination with oxaliplatin increases...
• ( ADJUVANT, TREATMENT-RELATED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TREATMENT-RELATED )
• ( ADJUVANT, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• ( ADJUVANT, RESECTED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , RESECTED )
• (Read more)   topPostoperative RT is not usually considered a routine component of care for completely resected colon cancer. This is in contrast to patients with rectal cancer, in whom effective adjuvant therapy for both transmural and node-positive disease includes RT. Local recurrence is more frequent with...
• ( ADJUVANT, PROGNOSTIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , PROGNOSTIC )
• ( ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• ( ADJUVANT, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSix months of therapy has been the standard approach, but the cumulative and dose-limiting neuropathy associated with oxaliplatin has prompted interest in a shorter duration of therapy. Results from the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy (IDEA) collaboration (six randomized trials of six versus three months...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   top.The substitution of capecitabine for infusional FU/LV in combination with oxaliplatin increases the convenience of treatment but tends to be more toxic than FOLFOX. As an example, in one adjuvant trial, rates of grade 3 or worse toxicity with CAPOX included diarrhea (19 percent),...
• ( RESECTED )  top
• ( RESECTED, III )  top
• ( RESECTED, III, BOLUS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , BOLUS )
• ( RESECTED, III, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• ( RESECTED, III, DIARRHEA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , DIARRHEA )
• ( RESECTED, III, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• ( RESECTED, III, INFUSIONAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , INFUSIONAL )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , INFUSIONAL )
• ( RESECTED, III, ARM )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , ARM )
• ( RESECTED, III, ADJUVANT )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , III , ADJUVANT )
• ( RESECTED, III, VOMITING )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , VOMITING )
• ( RESECTED, III, VENOUS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , VENOUS )
• ( RESECTED, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , RISK )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISK )
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity
• ( RESECTED, OXALIPLATIN )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , OXALIPLATIN )
• ( RESECTED, NEUTROPENIA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , NEUTROPENIA )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CHEMOTHERAPY , RISK , NEUTROPENIA )
• ( RESECTED, DIARRHEA )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , DIARRHEA )
• (Read more)   top.Chemotherapy carries a risk of significant toxicities, including mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, hair loss, hand-foot syndrome, and cardiotoxicity.
• ( RESECTED, BOLUS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , III , BOLUS )
• ( RESECTED, GERIATRIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , GERIATRIC )
• ( RESECTED, RISKS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , RISKS )
• ( RESECTED, RECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTED , ADJUVANT , RECTAL )
• ( CANCERS )  top
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION )  top
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , POLYP )
• (Read more)   topSee ( RESECTION , POLYP )
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, COLECTOMY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , COLECTOMY )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CANCERS , COLECTOMY )
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, CARCINOMA )  top
• (Read more)   topBenign adenomas, as well as those with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (no evidence of invasive cancer, defined as invasion into the submucosa), can be effectively managed by endoscopic removal (polypectomy) alone as long as the resection margins are free of cancer
• (Read more)   top.Invasive carcinoma arising in a sessile (flat) polyp with unfavorable features (eg, lower third submucosal penetration, lymphovascular invasion, poorly differentiated histology)
  Locally advanced primary lesions
• (Read more)   top(See 'Surgical resection'above and 'Management of carcinoma in a polyp'above.)
  There is no consensus as to which patients, if any, are suitable for neoadjuvant approaches rather than upfront surgery
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , LYMPHOVASCULAR )
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , HISTOLOGY )
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBTOTAL )  top
• (Read more)   top... family history of colorectal and other extracolonic cancers should be sought prior to therapy, as an inherited predisposition to colon cancer may alter the surgical approach, prompting consideration of subtotal or total colectomy in high-risk individuals.
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBMUCOSAL )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , SUBMUCOSAL )
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, SUBMUCOSA )  top
• (Read more)   topBenign adenomas, as well as those with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (no evidence of invasive cancer, defined as invasion into the submucosa), can be effectively managed by endoscopic removal (polypectomy) alone as long as the resection margins are free of cancer
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, STALK )  top
• (Read more)   top.Cancer at the resection or stalk margin
  .Invasion into the muscularis propria of the bowel wall (T2 lesion)
  .Invasive carcinoma arising in a sessile (flat) polyp with unfavorable features (eg, lower third submucosal penetration,...
• ( CANCERS, RESECTION, SITU )  top
• (Read more)   topBenign adenomas, as well as those with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (no evidence of invasive cancer, defined as invasion into the submucosa), can be effectively managed by endoscopic removal (polypectomy) alone as long as the resection margins are free of cancer
• ( CANCERS, MSI )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , MSI )
• ( CANCERS, CHEMOTHERAPY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CANCERS , CHEMOTHERAPY )
• ( CANCERS, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Management of carcinoma in a polyp. The majority of colon cancers arise from polyps (adenomas). Benign adenomas, as well as those with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (no evidence of invasive cancer, defined as invasion into the...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CANCERS , POLYP )
• (Read more)   top Endoscopic resection is a reasonable alternative to radical surgery for selected early stage colon cancers arising in a polyp, as long as they meet certain criteria for favorable risk. (See 'Surgical resection'above and 'Management of carcinoma in a polyp'above.)
  There is no consensus as to which patients,...
• ( CANCERS, MMR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , MMR )
• ( CANCERS, RISK )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RESECTION , RISK )
• (Read more)   top Endoscopic resection is a reasonable alternative to radical surgery for selected early stage colon cancers arising in a polyp, as long as they meet certain criteria for favorable risk. (See 'Surgical resection'above and 'Management of carcinoma in a polyp'above.)
  There is no consensus as to which patients, if any, are suitable for neoadjuvant approaches rather...
• (Read more)   top.Regularly updating a three-generation family history pedigree from cancer survivors can be valuable to help determine the potential risk of cancer in family members, as well as the survivor's own risk of subsequent cancers that may be associated with a previously unrecognized hereditary syndrome
• ( CANCERS, CARCINOMA )  top
• (Read more)   top
  Management of carcinoma in a polyp. The majority of colon cancers arise from polyps (adenomas). Benign adenomas, as well as those with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (no evidence of invasive cancer, defined as invasion...
• (Read more)   topSee ( CANCERS , RESECTION , CARCINOMA )
• (Read more)   top ... alternative to radical surgery for selected early stage colon cancers arising in a polyp, as long as they meet certain criteria for favorable risk. (See 'Surgical resection'above and 'Management of carcinoma in a polyp'above.)
  There is no consensus as to which patients, if any, are suitable for neoadjuvant approaches rather than upfront surgery
• ( CANCERS, OXALIPLATIN-BASED )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , OXALIPLATIN-BASED )
• ( CANCERS, NONPOLYPOSIS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , NONPOLYPOSIS )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , COLORECTAL , NONPOLYPOSIS )
• ( CANCERS, LOSS )  top
• (Read more)   top ... oxaliplatin-based adjuvant therapy) suggest that six months of therapy remains the standard of care for individuals with high-risk cancers (T4 or N2 (table 1)) [16]. On the other hand, given the small predicted loss of absolute disease-free survival benefit (absolute difference 0.9 percent at three years) and the significantly lower rates of oxaliplatin neuropathy seen in the IDEA collaboration analysis, adjuvant...
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , LOSS )
• ( RISK )  top
• ( RISK, POLYP )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , POLYP )
• (Read more)   topSee ( CANCERS , POLYP )
• ( RISK, COLORECTAL )  top
• (Read more)   top ... protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis".)
  Lynch syndrome is more common than FAP and accounts for approximately 2 to 3 percent of all colonic adenocarcinomas
• (Read more)   top(See "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management".)
  Extracolonic cancers are very common...
• ( RISK, TUMOR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , TUMOR )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , TUMOR )
• ( RISK, NONPOLYPOSIS )  top
• (Read more)   top ... factors, and protective factors", section on 'Hereditary CRC syndromes'and "Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis".)
  Lynch syndrome is more common than FAP and accounts for approximately 2 to 3 percent of all colonic adenocarcinomas
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , CANCERS , NONPOLYPOSIS )
• ( RISK, MANIFESTATIONS )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLORECTAL , NONPOLYPOSIS , MANIFESTATIONS )
• (Read more)   top(See "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Clinical manifestations and diagnosis" and "Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer): Cancer screening and management".)
  Extracolonic cancers are very common in Lynch syndrome, particularly...
• ( RISK, LYMPHOVASCULAR )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , LYMPHOVASCULAR )
• ( RISK, HISTOLOGY )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , RISK , HISTOLOGY )
• ( RISK, CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )  top
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , RESECTED , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )
• (Read more)   topSee ( COLON , CHEMOTHERAPY , ADJUVANT , CLINICOPATHOLOGIC )