Knowledge only gives you the "What"
Understanding Knowledge gives you the "What" and the "Why"
If there is a problem worth solving, there is a narrative to understand. ELAINE analyzes a narrative by knowledge understanding, not knowledge declaration. This capability separates ELAINE from today's prevailing AI technology such as GPT3.
GPT3 from OPENAI turns billions of documents into declarative knowledge, but it fails to apply reasoning to understand context. Dr. Chan Naseeb of IBM wrote in his AiN Issue #7 newsletter:
"Unfortunately, it (GPT3) was by no means intelligent - as it didn't understand the world."
A commentary of GPT-3 in MIT Technology Review 2021 stated:
"According to the latest test results, the GPT-3 model has not met expectations in natural language reasoning, filling in the blanks, long text generation, and reading comprehension tasks, indicating that it is at the data fitting level and does not have a genuine comprehension of natural language. "
"Hence, GPT-3 is considered to have "memory with a certain ability to generalize," due to which it easily retains and learns declarative knowledge, rather than understand knowledge, and does not possess true logical reasoning ability or the ability to distinguish right from wrong."
"... in tasks such as summarizing reports, creating content, and writing, GPT-3 can be used to generate corresponding content according to the task description. Additional manual review and editing are then performed to present the final edited report to the end-user."
Without understanding the narrative in natural language communication, there is little use for applications that requires the analysis of context and semantics of narratives. Solving real world problem requires Artificial Intelligence software to understand the nexus of narratives. Knowing how the stories inside a narrative describes action, actors, events, time and places helps strategists to derive initiatives that can mitigate risks and achieve better results.
How does ELAINE offer such knowledge understanding?
ELAINE's narrative analysis is based on logical analysis. It discovers logics behind stories, nexus within contexts and semantics to determine relevancy. It considers subjects with the least doubts and topics with the most supporting facts to be most relevant.
Abstraction carried out by ELAINE is not about comprehension or paraphrasing of paragraphs. Instead, it assesses contents for its logic. What is most logical is the most relevant. ELAINE also assesses the dynamics of fact for its potential consideration as a lever in changing future outcome by tagging it as momentum, challenge, or work-in-progress.
Given ELAINE's NLU capability, how would one go about validating its accuracy in understanding?
We validate ELAINE with a historical archive document - "President George Washington's Farewell Address (1796)"
In early 1796, President George Washington decided not to seek reelection for a third term and began drafting this farewell address to the American people. In a government's website that decorated this farewell address, a summary of his farewell address said:
"In his farewell Presidential address, George Washington advised America citizens to view themselves as a cohesive unit and avoid political parties and issued a special warning to be wary of attachments and entanglements with other nations"
We turned to ELAINE for an analysis of this 32-pages handwritten document. ELAINE abstracted (government, influence, foreign) the most relevant and the key focus of the document is:
"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government"
"It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions"
The semantics of these abstracts almost superimposed on the assessment given in www.ourdocuments.gov. We concluded that ELAINE's logical abstraction is correct. The knowledge diagram and abstraction annotations offer details into the supporting facts and actual wordings in the George Washington document.
In a world of information overload, ELAINE can detect misinformation, disinformation and turn information into intelligence for its users. Success is better served by strategic initiative when it is guided by well-found supporting facts.
View ELAINE's interactive analysis of the use case discussed here.
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